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Thread: What do you think of UN's role in maintaining peace in 21st century?

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[quote=JCNILE123,263914]UN Peace Keeping - Theory and Practice 
Columnist Mohammad ARIF looks at the role of UN Peacekeeping Forces UN Agenda for Peace 
The United Nations, founded in 1945 during the final phases of World War II, is the second multi-purpose international organization established in the 20th century that is worldwide in scope and membership. The first such organization was the League of Nations, established by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. The ultimate goals of the United Nations , according to its charter, are Ôto save succeeding generations from the scourge of war,... to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights,... to establish conditions under which justice and respite for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in large freedom.Õ1 Its primary purpose, therefore, is to maintain international peace and security. Cold War tension between the United States and the Soviet Union (until its dissolution in 1991-92) deeply affected the security functions of the United Nations during its first 45 years, while extensive post-World War II decolonization in Africa, Asia and Middle East increased the volume and nature of political, economic and social issues that confronted the Organization. Finally, the end of the Cold War in 1990 brought renewed attentions and appeals to the United Nations, posing challenges to established practices and functions, especially in the areas of conflict resolution and humanitarian assistance, in the midst of an increasingly volatile geopolitical climate. 
Chapter 6 of the charter provides for the pacific settlement of disputes, through such means as negotiation, mediation, arbitration, and/or judicial decisions. When pacific settlement fails, the goal of collective security - whereby the security of each member is assumed by all, and aggression against one would be met by the resistance of all - underlies the provisions in Chapter 7 for coercive measures, including economic and military sanctions, against an aggressor.2 In practice, however, collective security was replaced by peace-keeping and preventive diplomacy. In the post-Cold War period, appeals to the United Nations for peacemaking purposes increased dramatically, renewing discussion about the feasibility of putting into practice the original UN provisions for collective security. 
United Nations peace-keeping operations evolved essentially to stop hostilities and to control conflicts so that they would not develop into broader conflagrations. There was not, and still is not, any particular theory or doctrine behind them. They were born of necessity, largely improvised, a practical response to a problem requiring active action. The term Ôpeace-keeping operationÕ gained currency much later. 
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